Blood and Iron

Before 1871, Germany was not yet a nation but simply an idea. Otto von Bismarck had a formidable task at hand. How would he bring thirty-nine individual states under the yoke of a single Kaiser? Once united, could the young European nation wield enough power to rival the empires of Britain and France – all without destroying itself in the process? In a unique study of five decades that changed the course of modern history, Katja Hoyer tells the story of the German Empire from its violent beginnings to its calamitous defeat in the First World War. This often-startling narrative is a dramatic tale of national self-discovery, social upheaval and realpolitik that ended, as it started, in blood and iron.



Katja Hoyer's well-researched and well-written book is the best biography of the Second Reich in years. She cogently argues that what started in Versailles' Hall of Mirrors need not have ended in the disaster of the Great War, and rightly rescues Bismarck from the ignominy of being a forerunner of Hitler. It will undoubtedly become the essential account of this vitally important part of European history



Splendidly lucid and readable: Katja Hoyer has managed to compress fifty years of great complexity into a compelling and comprehensible narrative – and it is a story that every European needs to know and to understand



Excellent ... Fluently written and convincingly argued, Blood and Iron is a brilliant account of an important period of history, and one that marks the arrival of a major new talent ... Hoyer provides a nuanced and thoughtful discussion of the causes of conflict in 1914



Brisk, thoughtful and thoroughly engaging



Hoyer has mastered an intimidating jungle of material and written a balanced and hugely accessible introduction to the age when Germany became Germany ... Hoyer renders a vivid account of Wilhelm's overweening ineptitude. The Kaiser was so gaffe-prone that his ministers frequently had to issue the press with hastily rewritten transcripts of his improvised speeches



Katja Hoyer has written an excellent book on the rise and fall of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918 that is packed with detail and illuminating insights. She shows very effectively the changes in German foreign policy after Bismarck's fall from power, and the more provocative stance of Kaiser Wilhelm's world policy that contributed to the outbreak of the First World War, and brought out Germany's expansionist aims during the conflict. Overall, this book fills a gap in our understanding of the Second Reich, and it helps us to understand more clearly the reasons for its failure



Hoyer brings this dense period of German history to life with a lightness of touch that complements her impressive scholarship. A deeply satisfying read, highly recommended



Concise and incisive, this sparkling examination of the rise and fall of the Second Reich is an excellent introduction to a crucial period of German history



We ought all to know more about the rise of the Second German Reich, founded with blood and iron in Otto von Bismarck's words, because the great catastrophes of the 20th century flow from it. In entertaining prose, Katja Hoyer makes that history highly accessible, and paints lively portraits of the political genius Bismarck and the naive egotist Kaiser Wilhelm II



Engaging and enlightening in equal measure, Blood and Iron is a brilliant synthesis of a complex history which will be welcomed by students and general readers alike



Anyone, student or general "history buff", in search of a readable but authoritative guide to how modern Germany came into being need look no further than Katja Hoyer's Blood and Iron. The familiar political and military battlefields are all compellingly described. Bismarck and Co. have their due. However, the author also explores many fascinating and less well-known aspects of German culture and public life during that period – equally important factors in the epic story of how this vibrant, often turbulent, society on the move propelled itself in just a few decades from an underpowered feudal patchwork of semi-connected states to become the cultural, economic and military titan that was Germany in 1914. Hoyer's account of Germany between the Napoleonic Era and the Great War stands as an admirable achievement of both narrative and analytical history. Highly recommended



An important and complex subject told with clarity and verve



The themes of political fragility, social cleavages and pervasive militarism give an impressive depth and coherence to Hoyer's tightly written narrative



Excellent and entertaining ... Hoyer is no apologist for Prussia, but she convincingly argues that, aside from all the 'blood and iron' bluster, Bismarck's Reich was a halfway house between absolute monarchy and democracy



The themes of political fragility, social cleavages and pervasive militarism give a convincing coherence to Hoyer's tightly written narrative of German history between 1871 and 1918. She is rightly sceptical of the once fashionable idea that Germany was on a "special path" that distinguished its development from that of Britain, France or the US



An elegant new book on the period



The German Empire born in 1871 has all too often been seen as the troubled precursor of the terrible Nazi successor. Katja Hoyer helps us to see that the empire held out other possibilities which only the catastrophe of the Great War undermined. Brief and accessible, this should become a standard text for those who want to understand the origins of Germany today



In 1862, Bismarck created a Germany, says Hoyer, "whose only binding experience was conflict against external enemies". Fearful that its 39 individual states would drift apart again, Bismarck kept Germany on "a constant diet of conflict" – whipping up hostility to internal enemies, like Catholics, socialists and ethnic minorities. Hoyer's nuanced study shows the long run-up to war in 1914



I so admired Katja Hoyer's Blood And Iron: The Rise and Fall of the German Empire 1871-1918, an outstanding, authoritative and gripping, short but deep, history of the Second Reich, rendering its singular flawed nature as part-democracy, part-medieval-autocracy with acute portraits of its cast of heroes and monsters