The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament

Preaching's Preacher's Guide to the Best Bible Reference

An Expansive Old Testament Resource You Can Trust

How can we account for the "Book of the Law" suddenly being discovered during Josiah's renovation of the temple (2 Chron 34:14)? We know from Egypt and Mesopotamia that it was common to seal important documents--including theological documents--in the masonry or foundations of a palace or temple in order to inform a future king who might undertake restoration of the building.

What might the psalmist have had in mind when praising God for removing our transgressions "as far as the east is from the west" (Ps 103:12)? In an Egyptian hymn to Amun-Re, the deity is praised for his judgment of the guilty. As a result of the god's discernment the guilty are assigned to the east and the righteous to the west.

What is meant by God "weighing the heart" (Prov 21:2)? In Egyptian religious tradition we find the notion of the dead being judged before the gods. As the soul is examined, the dead person's heart is weighed in a scale against a feather symbolizing Truth. If the answers are correct and the heart does not outweigh the feather, the soul may enter the realm of everlasting life.

The narratives, genealogies, laws, poetry, proverbs and prophecies of the Old Testament are deeply rooted in history. Archaeologists, historians and social scientists have greatly advanced our knowledge of the ancient world of the Bible. When we illuminate the stories of Abraham or David, the imagery of the Psalms or Proverbs, or the prophecies of Isaiah or Jeremiah with this backlight of culture and history, these texts spring to new life. The unique commentary joins The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament in providing historical, social and cultural background for each passage of the Old Testament. From Genesis through Malachi, this single volume gathers and condenses an abundance of specialized knowledge--making it available and accessible to ordinary readers of the Old Testament. Expert scholars John Walton, Victor Matthews and Mark Chavalas have included along with the fruits of their research and collaboration



- a glossary of historical terms, ancient peoples, texts and inscriptions

- maps and charts of important historical resources

- expanded explanations of significant background issues

- introductory essays on each book of the Old TestamentThe IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament will enrich your experience of the Old Testament--and your teaching and preaching from Scripture--in a way that no other commentary can do.



Mark W. Chavalas is professor of history at the University of Wisconsin--La Crosse. He is also editor of Emar: The History, Religion, and Culture of a Syrian Town in the Late Bronze Age, (with John L. Hayes) New Horizons in the Study of Ancient Syria and (with K. L. Younger Jr.) Syria-Mesopotamia and the Bible.



John H. Walton (PhD, Hebrew Union College) is professor of Old Testament at Wheaton College and Graduate School. Previously he was professor of Old Testament at Moody Bible Institute in Chicago for twenty years. Some of Walton's books include The Lost World of Adam and Eve, The Lost World of Scripture, The Lost World of Genesis One, Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament, The Essential Bible Companion, The NIV Application Commentary: Genesis and The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament (with Victor Matthews and Mark Chavalas). Walton's ministry experience includes church classes for all age groups, high school Bible studies and adult Sunday school classes, as well as serving as a teacher for "The Bible in 90 Days." John and his wife, Kim, live in Wheaton, Illinois, and have three adult children.



Victor H. Matthews is dean of the College of Humanities and Public Affairs and professor of religious studies at Missouri State University (Springfield, Missouri). He has written several books on the Old Testament, including Manners and Customs in the Bible: An Illustrated Guide to Life in Bible Times, (with James Moyer) The Old Testament: Text and Context and (with Don C. Benjamin) The Social World of Ancient Israel.

Preface


Other Resources
Pentateuch: Introduction


Genesis


Ancient Near Eastern Mythology and the Old Testament


Ancient Near Eastern Flood Accounts


The Religion of Abraham


Major Trade Routes in the Ancient Near East


Exodus


The Date of the Exodus


Leviticus


Numbers


Deuteronomy


The Covenant and Ancient Near Eastern Treaties
Historical Literature: Introduction


Joshua


Egyptian Information About Canaan and Israel


Judges


The Political Climate in the Early Iron Age


Ruth


1 Samuel


2 Samuel


1 Kings


2 Kings


The Western Campaigns of Tiglath-Pileser III, 734-732


1 Chronicles


Significance of Genealogies to Postexilic Audience


2 Chronicles


Sennacherib's Inscriptions


Lachish


Ezra


Nehemiah


Esther


Herodotus
Wisdom and Poetic Literature: Introduction


Job


Retribution Principle


Psalms


Common Concepts


Common Metaphors for God


Musical Terms


Proverbs


Proverbs Echoed in Ancient Near East


How Proverbs Were Used


Proverbs As Generalized Truth


Ecclesiastes


Song of Songs


Sexual Metaphor
Prophetic Literature: Introduction


Isaiah


Afterlife Beliefs in Israel and the Ancient Near East


Jeremiah


Seals and Bullae


Lamentations


Laments over Fallen Cities in the Ancient World


Ezekiel


Daniel


Akkadian Apocalypses


Hosea


Joel


Day of Yahweh


Amos


Economic Changes and Social Classes in Eighth-Century Israel


Obadiah


Jonah


Micah


Nahum


Habakkuk


Zephaniah


Haggai


Zechariah


Apocalyptic Literature


Summary of the Temple-Building Connections to Zechariah's Visions


Malachi


Glossary


Charts and Maps


Topical Index